/* $Id: ClpNetworkBasis.cpp 1458 2009-11-05 12:34:07Z forrest $ */
// Copyright (C) 2003, International Business Machines
// Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.

#include "CoinPragma.hpp"
#include "ClpNetworkBasis.hpp"
#include "CoinHelperFunctions.hpp"
#include "ClpSimplex.hpp"
#include "ClpMatrixBase.hpp"
#include "CoinIndexedVector.hpp"


//#############################################################################
// Constructors / Destructor / Assignment
//#############################################################################

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Default Constructor 
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
ClpNetworkBasis::ClpNetworkBasis () 
{
#ifndef COIN_FAST_CODE
  slackValue_=-1.0;
#endif
  numberRows_=0;
  numberColumns_=0;
  parent_ = NULL;
  descendant_ = NULL;
  pivot_ = NULL;
  rightSibling_ = NULL;
  leftSibling_ = NULL;
  sign_ = NULL;
  stack_ = NULL;
  permute_ = NULL;
  permuteBack_ = NULL;
  stack2_=NULL;
  depth_ = NULL;
  mark_ = NULL;
  model_=NULL;
}
// Constructor from CoinFactorization
ClpNetworkBasis::ClpNetworkBasis(const ClpSimplex * model,
				 int numberRows, const CoinFactorizationDouble * pivotRegion,
				 const int * permuteBack,
				 const CoinBigIndex * startColumn, 
				 const int * numberInColumn,
				 const int * indexRow, const CoinFactorizationDouble * /*element*/)
{
#ifndef COIN_FAST_CODE
  slackValue_=-1.0;
#endif
  numberRows_=numberRows;
  numberColumns_=numberRows;
  parent_ = new int [ numberRows_+1];
  descendant_ = new int [ numberRows_+1];
  pivot_ = new int [ numberRows_+1];
  rightSibling_ = new int [ numberRows_+1];
  leftSibling_ = new int [ numberRows_+1];
  sign_ = new double [ numberRows_+1];
  stack_ = new int [ numberRows_+1];
  stack2_ = new int[numberRows_+1];
  depth_ = new int[numberRows_+1];
  mark_ = new char[numberRows_+1];
  permute_ = new int [numberRows_ + 1];
  permuteBack_ = new int [numberRows_ + 1];
  int i;
  for (i=0;i<numberRows_+1;i++) {
    parent_[i]=-1;
    descendant_[i]=-1;
    pivot_[i]=-1;
    rightSibling_[i]=-1;
    leftSibling_[i]=-1;
    sign_[i]=-1.0;
    stack_[i]=-1;
    permute_[i]=i;
    permuteBack_[i]=i;
    stack2_[i]=-1;
    depth_[i]=-1;
    mark_[i]=0;
  }
  mark_[numberRows_]=1;
  // pivotColumnBack gives order of pivoting into basis
  // so pivotColumnback[0] is first slack in basis and
  // it pivots on row permuteBack[0]
  // a known root is given by permuteBack[numberRows_-1]
  int lastPivot=numberRows_;
  for (i=0;i<numberRows_;i++) {
    int iPivot = permuteBack[i];
    lastPivot=iPivot;
    double sign;
    if (pivotRegion[i]>0.0)
      sign = 1.0;
    else
      sign =-1.0;
    int other;
    if (numberInColumn[i]>0) {
      int iRow = indexRow[startColumn[i]];
      other = permuteBack[iRow];
      //assert (parent_[other]!=-1);
    } else {
      other = numberRows_;
    }
    sign_[iPivot] = sign;
    int iParent = other;
    parent_[iPivot] = other;
    if (descendant_[iParent]>=0) {
      // we have a sibling
      int iRight = descendant_[iParent];
      rightSibling_[iPivot]=iRight;
      leftSibling_[iRight]=iPivot;
    } else {
      rightSibling_[iPivot]=-1;
    }	    
    descendant_[iParent] = iPivot;
    leftSibling_[iPivot]=-1;
  }
  // do depth
  int iPivot = numberRows_;
  int nStack = 1;
  stack_[0]=descendant_[numberRows_];
  depth_[numberRows_]=-1; // root
  while (nStack) {
    // take off
    int iNext = stack_[--nStack];
    if (iNext>=0) {
      depth_[iNext] = nStack;
      iPivot = iNext;
      int iRight = rightSibling_[iNext];
      stack_[nStack++] = iRight;
      if (descendant_[iNext]>=0)
	stack_[nStack++] = descendant_[iNext];
    }
  }
  model_=model;
  check();
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copy constructor 
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
ClpNetworkBasis::ClpNetworkBasis (const ClpNetworkBasis & rhs) 
{
#ifndef COIN_FAST_CODE
  slackValue_=rhs.slackValue_;
#endif
  numberRows_=rhs.numberRows_;
  numberColumns_=rhs.numberColumns_;
  if (rhs.parent_) {
    parent_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
    CoinMemcpyN(rhs.parent_,(numberRows_+1),parent_);
  } else {
    parent_ = NULL;
  }
  if (rhs.descendant_) {
    descendant_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
    CoinMemcpyN(rhs.descendant_,(numberRows_+1),descendant_);
  } else {
    descendant_ = NULL;
  }
  if (rhs.pivot_) {
    pivot_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
    CoinMemcpyN(rhs.pivot_,(numberRows_+1),pivot_);
  } else {
    pivot_ = NULL;
  }
  if (rhs.rightSibling_) {
    rightSibling_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
    CoinMemcpyN(rhs.rightSibling_,(numberRows_+1),rightSibling_);
  } else {
    rightSibling_ = NULL;
  }
  if (rhs.leftSibling_) {
    leftSibling_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
    CoinMemcpyN(rhs.leftSibling_,(numberRows_+1),leftSibling_);
  } else {
    leftSibling_ = NULL;
  }
  if (rhs.sign_) {
    sign_ = new double [numberRows_+1];
    CoinMemcpyN(rhs.sign_,(numberRows_+1),sign_);
  } else {
    sign_ = NULL;
  }
  if (rhs.stack_) {
    stack_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
    CoinMemcpyN(rhs.stack_,(numberRows_+1),stack_);
  } else {
    stack_ = NULL;
  }
  if (rhs.permute_) {
    permute_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
    CoinMemcpyN(rhs.permute_,(numberRows_+1),permute_);
  } else {
    permute_ = NULL;
  }
  if (rhs.permuteBack_) {
    permuteBack_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
    CoinMemcpyN(rhs.permuteBack_,(numberRows_+1),permuteBack_);
  } else {
    permuteBack_ = NULL;
  }
  if (rhs.stack2_) {
    stack2_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
    CoinMemcpyN(rhs.stack2_,(numberRows_+1),stack2_);
  } else {
    stack2_ = NULL;
  }
  if (rhs.depth_) {
    depth_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
    CoinMemcpyN(rhs.depth_,(numberRows_+1),depth_);
  } else {
    depth_ = NULL;
  }
  if (rhs.mark_) {
    mark_ = new char [numberRows_+1];
    CoinMemcpyN(rhs.mark_,(numberRows_+1),mark_);
  } else {
    mark_ = NULL;
  }
  model_=rhs.model_;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Destructor 
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
ClpNetworkBasis::~ClpNetworkBasis () 
{
  delete [] parent_;
  delete [] descendant_;
  delete [] pivot_;
  delete [] rightSibling_;
  delete [] leftSibling_;
  delete [] sign_;
  delete [] stack_;
  delete [] permute_;
  delete [] permuteBack_;
  delete [] stack2_;
  delete [] depth_;
  delete [] mark_;
}

//----------------------------------------------------------------
// Assignment operator 
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
ClpNetworkBasis &
ClpNetworkBasis::operator=(const ClpNetworkBasis& rhs)
{
  if (this != &rhs) {
    delete [] parent_;
    delete [] descendant_;
    delete [] pivot_;
    delete [] rightSibling_;
    delete [] leftSibling_;
    delete [] sign_;
    delete [] stack_;
    delete [] permute_;
    delete [] permuteBack_;
    delete [] stack2_;
    delete [] depth_;
    delete [] mark_;
#ifndef COIN_FAST_CODE
    slackValue_=rhs.slackValue_;
#endif
    numberRows_=rhs.numberRows_;
    numberColumns_=rhs.numberColumns_;
    if (rhs.parent_) {
      parent_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
      CoinMemcpyN(rhs.parent_,(numberRows_+1),parent_);
    } else {
      parent_ = NULL;
    }
    if (rhs.descendant_) {
      descendant_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
      CoinMemcpyN(rhs.descendant_,(numberRows_+1),descendant_);
    } else {
      descendant_ = NULL;
    }
    if (rhs.pivot_) {
      pivot_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
      CoinMemcpyN(rhs.pivot_,(numberRows_+1),pivot_);
    } else {
      pivot_ = NULL;
    }
    if (rhs.rightSibling_) {
      rightSibling_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
      CoinMemcpyN(rhs.rightSibling_,(numberRows_+1),rightSibling_);
    } else {
      rightSibling_ = NULL;
    }
    if (rhs.leftSibling_) {
      leftSibling_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
      CoinMemcpyN(rhs.leftSibling_,(numberRows_+1),leftSibling_);
    } else {
      leftSibling_ = NULL;
    }
    if (rhs.sign_) {
      sign_ = new double [numberRows_+1];
      CoinMemcpyN(rhs.sign_,(numberRows_+1),sign_);
    } else {
      sign_ = NULL;
    }
    if (rhs.stack_) {
      stack_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
      CoinMemcpyN(rhs.stack_,(numberRows_+1),stack_);
    } else {
      stack_ = NULL;
    }
    if (rhs.permute_) {
      permute_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
      CoinMemcpyN(rhs.permute_,(numberRows_+1),permute_);
    } else {
      permute_ = NULL;
    }
    if (rhs.permuteBack_) {
      permuteBack_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
      CoinMemcpyN(rhs.permuteBack_,(numberRows_+1),permuteBack_);
    } else {
      permuteBack_ = NULL;
    }
    if (rhs.stack2_) {
      stack2_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
      CoinMemcpyN(rhs.stack2_,(numberRows_+1),stack2_);
    } else {
      stack2_ = NULL;
    }
    if (rhs.depth_) {
      depth_ = new int [numberRows_+1];
      CoinMemcpyN(rhs.depth_,(numberRows_+1),depth_);
    } else {
      depth_ = NULL;
    }
    if (rhs.mark_) {
      mark_ = new char [numberRows_+1];
      CoinMemcpyN(rhs.mark_,(numberRows_+1),mark_);
    } else {
      mark_ = NULL;
    }
  }
  return *this;
}
// checks looks okay
void ClpNetworkBasis::check()
{
  // check depth
  int iPivot = numberRows_;
  int nStack = 1;
  stack_[0]=descendant_[numberRows_];
  depth_[numberRows_]=-1; // root
  while (nStack) {
    // take off
    int iNext = stack_[--nStack];
    if (iNext>=0) {
      //assert (depth_[iNext]==nStack);
      depth_[iNext] = nStack;
      iPivot = iNext;
      int iRight = rightSibling_[iNext];
      stack_[nStack++] = iRight;
      if (descendant_[iNext]>=0)
	stack_[nStack++] = descendant_[iNext];
    }
  }
}
// prints
void ClpNetworkBasis::print()
{
  int i;
  printf("       parent descendant     left    right   sign    depth\n");
  for (i=0;i<numberRows_+1;i++)
    printf("%4d  %7d   %8d  %7d  %7d  %5g  %7d\n",
	   i,parent_[i],descendant_[i],leftSibling_[i],rightSibling_[i],
	   sign_[i],depth_[i]);
}
/* Replaces one Column to basis,
   returns 0=OK
*/
int 
ClpNetworkBasis::replaceColumn ( CoinIndexedVector * regionSparse,
				 int pivotRow)
{
  // When things have settled down then redo this to make more elegant
  // I am sure lots of loops can be combined
  // regionSparse is empty
  assert (!regionSparse->getNumElements());
  model_->unpack(regionSparse, model_->sequenceIn());
  // arc given by pivotRow is leaving basis
  //int kParent = parent_[pivotRow];
  // arc coming in has these two nodes
  int * indices = regionSparse->getIndices();
  int iRow0 = indices[0];
  int iRow1;
  if (regionSparse->getNumElements()==2)
    iRow1 = indices[1];
  else
    iRow1 = numberRows_;
  double sign = -regionSparse->denseVector()[iRow0];
  regionSparse->clear();
  // and outgoing
  model_->unpack(regionSparse,model_->pivotVariable()[pivotRow]);
  int jRow0 = indices[0];
  int jRow1;
  if (regionSparse->getNumElements()==2)
    jRow1 = indices[1];
  else
    jRow1 = numberRows_;
  regionSparse->clear();
  // get correct pivotRow
  //#define FULL_DEBUG
#ifdef FULL_DEBUG
  printf ("irow %d %d, jrow %d %d\n",
	  iRow0,iRow1,jRow0,jRow1);
#endif
  if (parent_[jRow0]==jRow1) {
    int newPivot = jRow0;
    if (newPivot!=pivotRow) {
#ifdef FULL_DEBUG
      printf("pivot row of %d permuted to %d\n",pivotRow,newPivot);
#endif
      pivotRow = newPivot;
    }
  } else {
    //assert (parent_[jRow1]==jRow0);
    int newPivot = jRow1;
    if (newPivot!=pivotRow) {
#ifdef FULL_DEBUG
      printf("pivot row of %d permuted to %d\n",pivotRow,newPivot);
#endif
      pivotRow = newPivot;
    }
  }
  bool extraPrint = (model_->numberIterations()>-3)&&
    (model_->logLevel()>10);
  if (extraPrint)
    print();
#ifdef FULL_DEBUG
  printf("In %d (region= %g, stored %g) %d (%g) pivoting on %d (%g)\n",
	 iRow1, sign, sign_[iRow1], iRow0, sign_[iRow0] ,pivotRow,sign_[pivotRow]);
#endif
  // see which path outgoing pivot is on
  int kRow = -1;
  int jRow = iRow1;
  while (jRow!=numberRows_) {
    if (jRow==pivotRow) {
      kRow = iRow1;
      break;
    } else {
      jRow = parent_[jRow];
    }
  }
  if (kRow<0) {
    jRow = iRow0;
    while (jRow!=numberRows_) {
      if (jRow==pivotRow) {
	kRow = iRow0;
	break;
      } else {
	jRow = parent_[jRow];
      }
    }
  }
  //assert (kRow>=0);
  if (iRow0==kRow) {
    iRow0 = iRow1;
    iRow1 = kRow;
    sign = -sign;
  }
  // pivot row is on path from iRow1 back to root
  // get stack of nodes to change
  // Also get precursors for cleaning order
  int nStack=1;
  stack_[0]=iRow0;
  while (kRow!=pivotRow) {
    stack_[nStack++] = kRow;
    if (sign*sign_[kRow]<0.0) {
      sign_[kRow]= -sign_[kRow];
    } else {
      sign = -sign;
    }
    kRow = parent_[kRow];
    //sign *= sign_[kRow];
  }
  stack_[nStack++]=pivotRow;
  if (sign*sign_[pivotRow]<0.0) {
    sign_[pivotRow]= -sign_[pivotRow];
  } else {
    sign = -sign;
  }
  int iParent = parent_[pivotRow];
  while (nStack>1) {
    int iLeft;
    int iRight;
    kRow = stack_[--nStack];
    int newParent = stack_[nStack-1];
#ifdef FULL_DEBUG
    printf("row %d, old parent %d, new parent %d, pivotrow %d\n",kRow,
	   iParent,newParent,pivotRow);
#endif
    int i1 = permuteBack_[pivotRow];
    int i2 = permuteBack_[kRow];
    permuteBack_[pivotRow]=i2;
    permuteBack_[kRow]=i1;
    // do Btran permutation
    permute_[i1]=kRow;
    permute_[i2]=pivotRow;
    pivotRow = kRow;
    // Take out of old parent 
    iLeft = leftSibling_[kRow];
    iRight = rightSibling_[kRow];
    if (iLeft<0) {
      // take out of tree
      if (iRight>=0) {
	leftSibling_[iRight]=iLeft;
	descendant_[iParent]=iRight;
      } else {
#ifdef FULL_DEBUG
	printf("Saying %d (old parent of %d) has no descendants\n",
	       iParent, kRow);
#endif
	descendant_[iParent]=-1;
      }
    } else {
      // take out of tree
      rightSibling_[iLeft] = iRight;
      if (iRight>=0) 
	leftSibling_[iRight]=iLeft;
    }
    leftSibling_[kRow]=-1;
    rightSibling_[kRow]=-1;
    
    // now insert new one
    // make this descendant of that
    if (descendant_[newParent]>=0) {
      // we will have a sibling
      int jRight = descendant_[newParent];
      rightSibling_[kRow]=jRight;
      leftSibling_[jRight]=kRow;
    } else {
      rightSibling_[kRow]=-1;
    }	    
    descendant_[newParent] = kRow;
    leftSibling_[kRow]=-1;
    parent_[kRow]=newParent;
      
    iParent = kRow;
  }
  // now redo all depths from stack_[1]
  // This must be possible to combine - but later
  {
    int iPivot  = stack_[1];
    int iDepth=depth_[parent_[iPivot]]; //depth of parent
    iDepth ++; //correct for this one
    int nStack = 1;
    stack_[0]=iPivot;
    while (nStack) {
      // take off
      int iNext = stack_[--nStack];
      if (iNext>=0) {
	// add stack level
	depth_[iNext]=nStack+iDepth;
	stack_[nStack++] = rightSibling_[iNext];
	if (descendant_[iNext]>=0)
	  stack_[nStack++] = descendant_[iNext];
      }
    }
  }
  if (extraPrint)
    print();
  //check();
  return 0;
}

/* Updates one column (FTRAN) from region2 */
double
ClpNetworkBasis::updateColumn (  CoinIndexedVector * regionSparse,
				 CoinIndexedVector * regionSparse2,
				 int pivotRow)
{
  regionSparse->clear (  );
  double *region = regionSparse->denseVector (  );
  double *region2 = regionSparse2->denseVector (  );
  int *regionIndex2 = regionSparse2->getIndices (  );
  int numberNonZero = regionSparse2->getNumElements (  );
  int *regionIndex = regionSparse->getIndices (  );
  int i;
  bool doTwo = (numberNonZero==2);
  int i0=-1;
  int i1=-1;
  if (doTwo) {
    i0 = regionIndex2[0];
    i1 = regionIndex2[1];
  }
  double returnValue=0.0;
  bool packed = regionSparse2->packedMode();
  if (packed) {
    if (doTwo&&region2[0]*region2[1]<0.0) {
      region[i0] = region2[0];
      region2[0]=0.0;
      region[i1] = region2[1];
      region2[1]=0.0;
      int iDepth0 = depth_[i0];
      int iDepth1 = depth_[i1];
      if (iDepth1>iDepth0) {
	int temp = i0;
	i0 = i1;
	i1 = temp;
	temp = iDepth0;
	iDepth0 = iDepth1;
	iDepth1 = temp;
      }
      numberNonZero=0;
      if (pivotRow<0) {
	while (iDepth0>iDepth1) {
	  double pivotValue = region[i0];
	  // put back now ?
	  int iBack = permuteBack_[i0];
	  region2[numberNonZero] = pivotValue*sign_[i0];
	  regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iBack;
	  int otherRow = parent_[i0];
	  region[i0] =0.0;
	  region[otherRow] += pivotValue;
	  iDepth0--;
	  i0 = otherRow;
	}
	while (i0!=i1) {
	  double pivotValue = region[i0];
	  // put back now ?
	  int iBack = permuteBack_[i0];
	  region2[numberNonZero] = pivotValue*sign_[i0];
	  regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iBack;
	  int otherRow = parent_[i0];
	  region[i0] =0.0;
	  region[otherRow] += pivotValue;
	  i0 = otherRow;
	  double pivotValue1 = region[i1];
	  // put back now ?
	  int iBack1 = permuteBack_[i1];
	  region2[numberNonZero] = pivotValue1*sign_[i1];
	  regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iBack1;
	  int otherRow1 = parent_[i1];
	  region[i1] =0.0;
	  region[otherRow1] += pivotValue1;
	  i1 = otherRow1;
	}
      } else {
	while (iDepth0>iDepth1) {
	  double pivotValue = region[i0];
	  // put back now ?
	  int iBack = permuteBack_[i0];
	  double value = pivotValue*sign_[i0];
	  region2[numberNonZero] = value;
	  regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iBack;
	  if (iBack==pivotRow)
	    returnValue = value;
	  int otherRow = parent_[i0];
	  region[i0] =0.0;
	  region[otherRow] += pivotValue;
	  iDepth0--;
	  i0 = otherRow;
	}
	while (i0!=i1) {
	  double pivotValue = region[i0];
	  // put back now ?
	  int iBack = permuteBack_[i0];
	  double value = pivotValue*sign_[i0];
	  region2[numberNonZero] = value;
	  regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iBack;
	  if (iBack==pivotRow)
	    returnValue = value;
	  int otherRow = parent_[i0];
	  region[i0] =0.0;
	  region[otherRow] += pivotValue;
	  i0 = otherRow;
	  double pivotValue1 = region[i1];
	  // put back now ?
	  int iBack1 = permuteBack_[i1];
	  value = pivotValue1*sign_[i1];
	  region2[numberNonZero] = value;
	  regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iBack1;
	  if (iBack1==pivotRow)
	    returnValue = value;
	  int otherRow1 = parent_[i1];
	  region[i1] =0.0;
	  region[otherRow1] += pivotValue1;
	  i1 = otherRow1;
	}
      }
    } else {
      // set up linked lists at each depth
      // stack2 is start, stack is next
      int greatestDepth=-1;
      //mark_[numberRows_]=1;
      for (i=0;i<numberNonZero;i++) {
	int j = regionIndex2[i];
	double value = region2[i];
	region2[i]=0.0;
	region[j]=value;
	regionIndex[i]=j;
	int iDepth = depth_[j];
	if (iDepth>greatestDepth) 
	  greatestDepth = iDepth;
	// and back until marked
	while (!mark_[j]) {
	  int iNext = stack2_[iDepth];
	  stack2_[iDepth]=j;
	  stack_[j]=iNext;
	  mark_[j]=1;
	  iDepth--;
	  j=parent_[j];
	}
      }
      numberNonZero=0;
      if (pivotRow<0) {
	for (;greatestDepth>=0; greatestDepth--) {
	  int iPivot = stack2_[greatestDepth];
	  stack2_[greatestDepth]=-1;
	  while (iPivot>=0) {
	    mark_[iPivot]=0;
	    double pivotValue = region[iPivot];
	    if (pivotValue) {
	      // put back now ?
	      int iBack = permuteBack_[iPivot];
	      region2[numberNonZero] = pivotValue*sign_[iPivot];
	      regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iBack;
	      int otherRow = parent_[iPivot];
	      region[iPivot] =0.0;
	    region[otherRow] += pivotValue;
	    }
	    iPivot = stack_[iPivot];
	  }
	}
      } else {
	for (;greatestDepth>=0; greatestDepth--) {
	  int iPivot = stack2_[greatestDepth];
	  stack2_[greatestDepth]=-1;
	  while (iPivot>=0) {
	    mark_[iPivot]=0;
	    double pivotValue = region[iPivot];
	    if (pivotValue) {
	      // put back now ?
	      int iBack = permuteBack_[iPivot];
	      double value = pivotValue*sign_[iPivot];
	      region2[numberNonZero] = value;
	      regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iBack;
	      if (iBack==pivotRow)
		returnValue = value;
	      int otherRow = parent_[iPivot];
	      region[iPivot] =0.0;
	      region[otherRow] += pivotValue;
	    }
	    iPivot = stack_[iPivot];
	  }
	}
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (doTwo&&region2[i0]*region2[i1]<0.0) {
      // If just +- 1 then could go backwards on depth until join
      region[i0] = region2[i0];
      region2[i0]=0.0;
      region[i1] = region2[i1];
      region2[i1]=0.0;
      int iDepth0 = depth_[i0];
      int iDepth1 = depth_[i1];
      if (iDepth1>iDepth0) {
	int temp = i0;
	i0 = i1;
	i1 = temp;
	temp = iDepth0;
	iDepth0 = iDepth1;
	iDepth1 = temp;
      }
      numberNonZero=0;
      while (iDepth0>iDepth1) {
	double pivotValue = region[i0];
	// put back now ?
	int iBack = permuteBack_[i0];
	regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iBack;
	int otherRow = parent_[i0];
	region2[iBack] = pivotValue*sign_[i0];
	region[i0] =0.0;
	region[otherRow] += pivotValue;
	iDepth0--;
	i0 = otherRow;
      }
      while (i0!=i1) {
	double pivotValue = region[i0];
	// put back now ?
	int iBack = permuteBack_[i0];
	regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iBack;
	int otherRow = parent_[i0];
	region2[iBack] = pivotValue*sign_[i0];
	region[i0] =0.0;
	region[otherRow] += pivotValue;
	i0 = otherRow;
	double pivotValue1 = region[i1];
	// put back now ?
	int iBack1 = permuteBack_[i1];
	regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iBack1;
	int otherRow1 = parent_[i1];
	region2[iBack1] = pivotValue1*sign_[i1];
	region[i1] =0.0;
	region[otherRow1] += pivotValue1;
	i1 = otherRow1;
      }
    } else {
      // set up linked lists at each depth
      // stack2 is start, stack is next
      int greatestDepth=-1;
      //mark_[numberRows_]=1;
      for (i=0;i<numberNonZero;i++) {
	int j = regionIndex2[i];
	double value = region2[j];
	region2[j]=0.0;
	region[j]=value;
	regionIndex[i]=j;
	int iDepth = depth_[j];
	if (iDepth>greatestDepth) 
	  greatestDepth = iDepth;
	// and back until marked
	while (!mark_[j]) {
	  int iNext = stack2_[iDepth];
	  stack2_[iDepth]=j;
	  stack_[j]=iNext;
	  mark_[j]=1;
	  iDepth--;
	  j=parent_[j];
	}
      }
      numberNonZero=0;
      for (;greatestDepth>=0; greatestDepth--) {
	int iPivot = stack2_[greatestDepth];
	stack2_[greatestDepth]=-1;
	while (iPivot>=0) {
	  mark_[iPivot]=0;
	  double pivotValue = region[iPivot];
	  if (pivotValue) {
	    // put back now ?
	    int iBack = permuteBack_[iPivot];
	    regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iBack;
	    int otherRow = parent_[iPivot];
	    region2[iBack] = pivotValue*sign_[iPivot];
	    region[iPivot] =0.0;
	    region[otherRow] += pivotValue;
	  }
	  iPivot = stack_[iPivot];
	}
      }
    }
    if (pivotRow>=0)
      returnValue = region2[pivotRow];
  }
  region[numberRows_]=0.0;
  regionSparse2->setNumElements(numberNonZero);
#ifdef FULL_DEBUG
 {
   int i;
   for (i=0;i<numberRows_;i++) {
     assert(!mark_[i]);
     assert (stack2_[i]==-1);
   }
 }
#endif
  return returnValue;
}
/* Updates one column (FTRAN) to/from array 
    ** For large problems you should ALWAYS know where the nonzeros
   are, so please try and migrate to previous method after you
   have got code working using this simple method - thank you!
   (the only exception is if you know input is dense e.g. rhs) */
int 
ClpNetworkBasis::updateColumn (  CoinIndexedVector * regionSparse,
				 double region2[] ) const
{
  regionSparse->clear (  );
  double *region = regionSparse->denseVector (  );
  int numberNonZero = 0;
  int *regionIndex = regionSparse->getIndices (  );
  int i;
  // set up linked lists at each depth
  // stack2 is start, stack is next
  int greatestDepth=-1;
  for (i=0;i<numberRows_;i++) {
    double value = region2[i];
    if (value) {
      region2[i]=0.0;
      region[i]=value;
      regionIndex[numberNonZero++]=i;
      int j=i;
      int iDepth = depth_[j];
      if (iDepth>greatestDepth) 
	greatestDepth = iDepth;
      // and back until marked
      while (!mark_[j]) {
	int iNext = stack2_[iDepth];
	stack2_[iDepth]=j;
	stack_[j]=iNext;
	mark_[j]=1;
	iDepth--;
	j=parent_[j];
      }
    }
  }
  numberNonZero=0;
  for (;greatestDepth>=0; greatestDepth--) {
    int iPivot = stack2_[greatestDepth];
    stack2_[greatestDepth]=-1;
    while (iPivot>=0) {
      mark_[iPivot]=0;
      double pivotValue = region[iPivot];
      if (pivotValue) {
	// put back now ?
	int iBack = permuteBack_[iPivot];
	numberNonZero++;
	int otherRow = parent_[iPivot];
	region2[iBack] = pivotValue*sign_[iPivot];
	region[iPivot] =0.0;
	region[otherRow] += pivotValue;
      }
      iPivot = stack_[iPivot];
    }
  }
  region[numberRows_]=0.0;
  return numberNonZero;
}
/* Updates one column transpose (BTRAN)
   For large problems you should ALWAYS know where the nonzeros
   are, so please try and migrate to previous method after you
   have got code working using this simple method - thank you!
   (the only exception is if you know input is dense e.g. dense objective)
   returns number of nonzeros */
int 
ClpNetworkBasis::updateColumnTranspose (  CoinIndexedVector * regionSparse,
					  double region2[] ) const
{
  // permute in after copying
  // so will end up in right place
  double *region = regionSparse->denseVector (  );
  int *regionIndex = regionSparse->getIndices (  );
  int i;
  int numberNonZero=0;
  CoinMemcpyN(region2,numberRows_,region);
  for (i=0;i<numberRows_;i++) {
    double value = region[i];
    if (value) {
      int k = permute_[i];
      region[i]=0.0;
      region2[k]=value;
      regionIndex[numberNonZero++]=k;
      mark_[k]=1;
    }
  }
  // copy back
  // set up linked lists at each depth
  // stack2 is start, stack is next
  int greatestDepth=-1;
  int smallestDepth=numberRows_;
  for (i=0;i<numberNonZero;i++) {
    int j = regionIndex[i];
    // add in
    int iDepth = depth_[j];
    smallestDepth = CoinMin(iDepth,smallestDepth) ;
    greatestDepth = CoinMax(iDepth,greatestDepth) ;
    int jNext = stack2_[iDepth];
    stack2_[iDepth]=j;
    stack_[j]=jNext;
    // and put all descendants on list
    int iChild = descendant_[j];
    while (iChild>=0) {
      if (!mark_[iChild]) {
	regionIndex[numberNonZero++] = iChild;
	mark_[iChild]=1;
      }
      iChild = rightSibling_[iChild];
    }
  }
  numberNonZero=0;
  region2[numberRows_]=0.0;
  int iDepth;
  for (iDepth=smallestDepth;iDepth<=greatestDepth; iDepth++) {
    int iPivot = stack2_[iDepth];
    stack2_[iDepth]=-1;
    while (iPivot>=0) {
      mark_[iPivot]=0;
      double pivotValue = region2[iPivot];
      int otherRow = parent_[iPivot];
      double otherValue = region2[otherRow];
      pivotValue = sign_[iPivot]*pivotValue+otherValue;
      region2[iPivot]=pivotValue;
      if (pivotValue) 
	numberNonZero++;
      iPivot = stack_[iPivot];
    }
  }
  return numberNonZero;
}
/* Updates one column (BTRAN) from region2 */
int 
ClpNetworkBasis::updateColumnTranspose (  CoinIndexedVector * regionSparse,
					CoinIndexedVector * regionSparse2) const
{
  // permute in - presume small number so copy back
  // so will end up in right place
  regionSparse->clear (  );
  double *region = regionSparse->denseVector (  );
  double *region2 = regionSparse2->denseVector (  );
  int *regionIndex2 = regionSparse2->getIndices (  );
  int numberNonZero2 = regionSparse2->getNumElements (  );
  int *regionIndex = regionSparse->getIndices (  );
  int i;
  int numberNonZero=0;
  bool packed = regionSparse2->packedMode();
  if (packed) {
    for (i=0;i<numberNonZero2;i++) {
      int k = regionIndex2[i];
      int j = permute_[k];
      double value = region2[i];
      region2[i]=0.0;
      region[j]=value;
      mark_[j]=1;
      regionIndex[numberNonZero++]=j;
    }
    // set up linked lists at each depth
    // stack2 is start, stack is next
    int greatestDepth=-1;
    int smallestDepth=numberRows_;
    //mark_[numberRows_]=1;
    for (i=0;i<numberNonZero2;i++) {
      int j = regionIndex[i];
      regionIndex2[i]=j;
      // add in
      int iDepth = depth_[j];
      smallestDepth = CoinMin(iDepth,smallestDepth) ;
      greatestDepth = CoinMax(iDepth,greatestDepth) ;
      int jNext = stack2_[iDepth];
      stack2_[iDepth]=j;
      stack_[j]=jNext;
      // and put all descendants on list
      int iChild = descendant_[j];
      while (iChild>=0) {
	if (!mark_[iChild]) {
	  regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iChild;
	  mark_[iChild]=1;
	}
	iChild = rightSibling_[iChild];
      }
    }
    for (;i<numberNonZero;i++) {
      int j = regionIndex2[i];
      // add in
      int iDepth = depth_[j];
      smallestDepth = CoinMin(iDepth,smallestDepth) ;
      greatestDepth = CoinMax(iDepth,greatestDepth) ;
      int jNext = stack2_[iDepth];
      stack2_[iDepth]=j;
      stack_[j]=jNext;
      // and put all descendants on list
      int iChild = descendant_[j];
      while (iChild>=0) {
	if (!mark_[iChild]) {
	  regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iChild;
	  mark_[iChild]=1;
	}
	iChild = rightSibling_[iChild];
      }
    }
    numberNonZero2=0;
    region[numberRows_]=0.0;
    int iDepth;
    for (iDepth=smallestDepth;iDepth<=greatestDepth; iDepth++) {
      int iPivot = stack2_[iDepth];
      stack2_[iDepth]=-1;
      while (iPivot>=0) {
	mark_[iPivot]=0;
	double pivotValue = region[iPivot];
	int otherRow = parent_[iPivot];
	double otherValue = region[otherRow];
	pivotValue = sign_[iPivot]*pivotValue+otherValue;
	region[iPivot]=pivotValue;
	if (pivotValue) {
	  region2[numberNonZero2]=pivotValue;
	  regionIndex2[numberNonZero2++]=iPivot;
	}
	iPivot = stack_[iPivot];
      }
    }
    // zero out
    for (i=0;i<numberNonZero2;i++) {
      int k = regionIndex2[i];
      region[k]=0.0;
    }
  } else {
    for (i=0;i<numberNonZero2;i++) {
      int k = regionIndex2[i];
      int j = permute_[k];
      double value = region2[k];
      region2[k]=0.0;
      region[j]=value;
      mark_[j]=1;
      regionIndex[numberNonZero++]=j;
    }
    // copy back
    // set up linked lists at each depth
    // stack2 is start, stack is next
    int greatestDepth=-1;
    int smallestDepth=numberRows_;
    //mark_[numberRows_]=1;
    for (i=0;i<numberNonZero2;i++) {
      int j = regionIndex[i];
      double value = region[j];
      region[j]=0.0;
      region2[j]=value;
      regionIndex2[i]=j;
      // add in
      int iDepth = depth_[j];
      smallestDepth = CoinMin(iDepth,smallestDepth) ;
      greatestDepth = CoinMax(iDepth,greatestDepth) ;
      int jNext = stack2_[iDepth];
      stack2_[iDepth]=j;
      stack_[j]=jNext;
      // and put all descendants on list
      int iChild = descendant_[j];
      while (iChild>=0) {
	if (!mark_[iChild]) {
	  regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iChild;
	  mark_[iChild]=1;
	}
	iChild = rightSibling_[iChild];
      }
    }
    for (;i<numberNonZero;i++) {
      int j = regionIndex2[i];
      // add in
      int iDepth = depth_[j];
      smallestDepth = CoinMin(iDepth,smallestDepth) ;
      greatestDepth = CoinMax(iDepth,greatestDepth) ;
      int jNext = stack2_[iDepth];
      stack2_[iDepth]=j;
      stack_[j]=jNext;
      // and put all descendants on list
      int iChild = descendant_[j];
      while (iChild>=0) {
	if (!mark_[iChild]) {
	  regionIndex2[numberNonZero++] = iChild;
	  mark_[iChild]=1;
	}
	iChild = rightSibling_[iChild];
      }
    }
    numberNonZero2=0;
    region2[numberRows_]=0.0;
    int iDepth;
    for (iDepth=smallestDepth;iDepth<=greatestDepth; iDepth++) {
      int iPivot = stack2_[iDepth];
      stack2_[iDepth]=-1;
      while (iPivot>=0) {
	mark_[iPivot]=0;
	double pivotValue = region2[iPivot];
	int otherRow = parent_[iPivot];
	double otherValue = region2[otherRow];
	pivotValue = sign_[iPivot]*pivotValue+otherValue;
	region2[iPivot]=pivotValue;
	if (pivotValue) 
	  regionIndex2[numberNonZero2++]=iPivot;
	iPivot = stack_[iPivot];
      }
    }
  }
  regionSparse2->setNumElements(numberNonZero2);
#ifdef FULL_DEBUG
 {
   int i;
   for (i=0;i<numberRows_;i++) {
     assert(!mark_[i]);
     assert (stack2_[i]==-1);
   }
 }
#endif
  return numberNonZero2;
}
